![]() Water, as well as sodium, then diffuses into capillary blood within the villus.Īs sodium is rapidly pumped out of the cell, it achieves very high concentration in the narrow space between enterocytes.It seems that the bulk of the water absorption is transcellular, but some also diffuses through the tight junctions. Water diffuses in response to the osmotic gradient established by sodium – in this case into the intercellular space.Absorbed sodium is rapidly exported from the cell via sodium pumps – when a lot of sodium is entering the cell, a lot of sodium is pumped out of the cell, which establishes a high osmolarity in the small intercellular spaces between adjacent enterocytes.Sodium is absorbed into the cell by several mechanisms, but chief among them is by cotransport with glucose and amino acids – this means that efficient sodium absorption is dependent on absorption of these organic solutes.Net movement of water across cell membranes always occurs by osmosis, and the fundamental concept needed to understand absorption in the small gut is that there is a tight coupling between water and solute absorption. Another way of saying this is that absorption of water is absolutely dependent on absorption of solutes, particularly sodium: On top of that, another 6 to 7 liters of fluid is received by the small intestine daily as secretions from salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver and the small intestine itself.īy the time the ingesta enters the large intestine, approximately 80% of this fluid has been absorbed. A normal person or animal of similar size takes in roughly 1 to 2 liters of dietary fluid every day. The small intestine must absorb massive quantities of water. ( click to download the printable version of the post, courtesy of Tiziana Marella) Water and electrolytes
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